Ellen Browning Scripps

Herbarium Collection



The Smith Lab has accumulated thousands of seaweed pressings collected over the past decade, largely by our research team or students in our Phycology (Marine Plant Biology) undergraduate and graduate lab course. As of 2023, we have been curating, cataloging, and digitizing these specimens to re-establish an official herbarium collection at SIO for teaching, research, and outreach. Our collection consists of 4,800+ specimens from >150 genera and nearly 300 species; the majority were collected in San Diego and represent native and non-native species currently found in Southern California. SIO's historical specimens, dating back to the late 1800s, were managed by Dr. Ralph A. Lewin and are now held at the San Diego Natural History Museum, UC San Diego Geisel Library Special Collections, or the University Herbarium at UC Berkeley.




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Importance & Uses of Herbaria:

1)   Biodiversity Assessments
    • Documenting common species in a given region through time
    • Measuring species richness, abundance, and distribution
    • Detecting the introduction of non-native and potentially invasive species
2)   Scientific Research
    • Informing genetic/molecular analyses (via DNA or stable isotope signatures extracted from dried tissue samples)
    • Examining morphological differences within and among species  
    • Tracking impacts of global change, such as range expansions or loss of species due to marine heatwaves
3)   Education & Outreach
    • Teaching people of all ages about seaweeds
    • Training students in specimen curation, restoration, and digitization
    • Highlighting the biodiversity and natural beauty of seaweeds

Herbarium Workflow:

Collect


  • Collect seaweeds during a low tide, avoiding marine reserves or protected areas
  • Always collect responsibly; take only what you need

Press


  • Press seaweeds, noting collection information (location, date, etc.)
  • Change blotters daily until dry
  • Reinforce specimen with glue if needed

Digitize


  • Scan pressings with a ruler and color calibration card
  • Save as a high-resolution image
  • Record metadata in a spreadsheet

Curate


  • Confirm species identifications
  • Assign catalog #s
  • Edit, rename & organize digital files

Establish Resource


  • Upload to georeferenced, publicly-accessible online databases
  • Store pressings in herbarium cabinets, organized taxonomically



    Interactive Taxonomy Tool

    Click on a taxon to see the proportion of specimens in our collection




    Interactive Web Map

    Zoom in and scroll to explore where each of our specimens was collected




    Project Team

    Director:

    Dr. Jennifer Smith 

    Curator:

    Dr. Adi Khen

    Volunteers:
    • Kai Moore (2023-present)
    • AJ Feller (2025)
    • Madison Churchill (2024)
    • Hayley Hall (2023-2024)
    • Nicole Lopez (2023-2024)
    Acknowledgements:

    Funding provided by the Beyster Family, California Institute for Biodiversity, and the Ellen Browning Scripps Family Foundation



    Additional Resources

    Check out our collection page and view all specimens on the following sites:


    UC San Diego Library Digital Collections


    Algae Herbarium Portal


    Specimen Gallery


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    For more information, please contact Professor Smith (smithj@ucsd.edu) or Dr. Khen (akhen@ucsd.edu)